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營養生化學是一門以生物化學為基礎,探討營養素與人體交互關係的科學,它涵蓋的範圍很廣,從巨量營養素,包括蛋白質、醣類與脂質,微量營養素的維生素與礦物質,還有熱量與膳食纖維等,除了深入淺出、精簡式的說明各種營養素在人體內的利用過程,也重點式的介紹營養素的代謝與維持人體健康、預防慢性疾病的關係。
本書試圖以簡明的粗線條,向讀者介紹營養生化學的基本知識、營養素的功能,營養素在人體內的消化、吸收、代謝與廢棄物排泄的各種途徑。在編排上採取圖解的方式,把複雜的概念化約為簡易的圖或表,方便讀者兩邊對照內容,以收專業、易懂而易記之效。
本書試圖以簡明的粗線條,向讀者介紹營養生化學的基本知識、營養素的功能,營養素在人體內的消化、吸收、代謝與廢棄物排泄的各種途徑。在編排上採取圖解的方式,把複雜的概念化約為簡易的圖或表,方便讀者兩邊對照內容,以收專業、易懂而易記之效。
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第一章 醣類
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1-1 醣類簡介(Introduction to carbohydrates)
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1-2 簡單醣類(Simple carbohydrates)
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1-3 複合醣類(Complex carbohydrates)
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1-4 醣類的消化(Digestion of carbohydrates)
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1-5 腸道吸收機轉(Intestinal absorption mechanisms)
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1-6 單醣的運輸與分佈(Transport and distribution of monosaccharides)
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1-7 葡萄糖運輸蛋白(Glucose transporters, GLUTs)
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1-8 周圍組織葡萄糖的利用(Peripheral utilization of glucose)
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1-9 胰島素之分泌與血糖濃度的維持(Insulin secretion and maintenance of blood glucose levels)
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1-10 醣類食物之升糖效應(Glycemic response to carbohydrates)
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1-11 醣類之代謝途徑(Metabolic pathways of carbohydrates)
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1-12 糖解作用(Glycolysis)
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1-13 三羧酸循環(Tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle)
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1-14 ATP的合成(Formation of ATP)
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1-15 五碳糖單磷酸分流途徑(Hexosemonophosphate shunt)
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1-16 糖質新生作用(Gluconeogenesis)
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1-17 代謝的調節1(Regulation of metabolism I)
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1-18 代謝的調節2(Regulation of metabolism II)
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第二章 膳食纖維
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2-1 膳食纖維與機能性纖維1(Dietary fiber and functional fiber 1)
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2-2 膳食纖維與機能性纖維2(Dietary fiber and functional fiber 2)
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2-3 膳食纖維的分類與生理特性1(Classification and physiological properties of dietary fiber 1)
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2-4 膳食纖維的分類與生理特性2(Classification and physiological properties of dietary fiber 2)
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2-5 可發酵性纖維質與非發酵性纖維質(Fermentable fibers and non-fermentable fibers)
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2-6 膳食纖維與慢性疾病的預防(Dietary fibers and prevention of chronic diseases)
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第三章 蛋白質
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3-1 蛋白質的功能-1(Functions of protein-1)
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3-2 蛋白質的功能-2(Functions of protein-2)
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3-3 蛋白質的結構與組合(Protein structure and organization)
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3-4 胺基酸的分類-1(Amino acid classification-1)
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3-5 胺基酸的分類-2(Amino acid classification-2)
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3-6 蛋白質的消化(Digestion of protein)
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3-7 胺基酸的運輸與吸收(Transport and absorption of amino acids)
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3-8 腸黏膜細胞胺基酸的吸收與代謝(Absorption and metabolism of amino acids in intestinal endothelial cells)
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3-9 胺基酸之運輸(Transportation of amino acids)
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3-10 胺基酸的代謝:合成作用(Anabolic metabolism of amino acid)
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3-11 非蛋白質含氮化合物-1(Nitrogen-containing nonprotein compounds-1)
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3-12 非蛋白質含氮化合物-2(Nitrogen-containing nonprotein compounds-2)
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3-13 蛋白質合成縱論(Protein synthesis overview)
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3-14 胺基酸代謝綜論(Amino acid catabolism overview)
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3-15 尿素環與氨之排除(Urea cycle and excretion of ammonia)
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3-16 胺基酸代謝後碳骨架之利用(Metabolism of carbon skeleton)
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3-17 肝臟芳香族胺基酸的代謝與利用:苯丙胺酸與酪胺酸(Metabolism of aromatic amino acids: phenylalanine and tyrosine)
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3-18 肝臟芳香族胺基酸的代謝與利用:色胺酸(Metabolism of aromatic amino acids: tryptophan)
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3-19 肝臟含硫胺基酸的代謝-1(Metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids-1)
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3-20 肝臟含硫胺基酸的代謝-2(Metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids-2)
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3-21 不同組織間胺基酸的流通與代謝(Interorgan flow of amino acids and organ-specific metabolism)
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3-22 腎臟組織胺基酸的代謝(Amino acid metabolism in renal tissue)
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3-23 蛋白質品質的評估-1(Assessment of protein quality-1)
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3-24 蛋白質品質的評估-2(Assessment of protein quality-2)
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3-25 蛋白質品質的評估-3(Assessment of protein quality-3)
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3-26 蛋白質與胺基酸的參考攝取量(Recommended protein and amino acid intakes)
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3-27 蛋白質攝取不當(Inadequate intakes of dietary protein)
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3-28 適量蛋白質攝取與蛋白質營養不良(Adequate protein intakes and protein malnutrition)
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第四章 脂質
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4-1 脂質分類(Lipid classes)
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4-2 脂質分類:脂肪酸(Lipid classes: fatty acids)
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4-3 脂質分類:三酸甘油酯(Lipid classes: triglycerides)
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4-4 脂質分類:固醇與類固醇(Lipid classes: sterols and steroids)
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4-5 脂質分類:磷脂質與醣脂質(Lipid classes: phospholipids and glycolipids)
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4-6 脂質消化(Lipid digestion)
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4-7 脂質吸收(Lipid absorption)
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4-8 脂質運送與儲存- 脂蛋白(Transport and storage of lipoprotein)
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4-9 脂質在肝臟與脂肪組織的代謝(Metabolism of lipid in the liver and adipose tissue)
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4-10 低密度脂蛋白的代謝(Metabolism of low-density lipoprotein)
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4-11 高密度脂蛋白的代謝(Metabolism of high-density lipoprotein)
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4-12 三酸甘油酯與游離脂肪酸分解(異化)作用(Catabolism of triglycerides and free fatty acids)
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4-13 脂肪酸氧化的能量1(The production of energy from fatty acid oxidation 1)
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4-14 脂肪酸氧化的能量2(The production of energy from fatty acid oxidation 2)
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4-15 酮體的生成(Formation of ketone bodies)
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4-16 脂肪酸的合成(同化)作用1(Biosynthesis of fatty acids 1)
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4-17 脂肪酸的合成(同化)作用2(Biosynthesis of fatty acids 2)
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4-18 三酸甘油酯的合成(同化)作用(Biosynthesis of triglycerides)
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4-19 膽固醇的合成(同化)作用(Biosynthesis of cholesterol)
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第五章 熱量平衡
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5-1 供應細胞的能量(Energy for the cell)
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5-2 電子傳遞鏈(Electron Transport Chin, ETC)
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5-3 代謝中肝臟所扮演的角色:6-磷酸葡萄糖(The role of the liver in metabolism: glucose-6-phosphate)
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5-4 代謝中肝臟所扮演的角色:胺基酸(The role of the liver in metabolism: amino acids)
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5-5 代謝中肝臟所扮演的角色:尿素合成(The role of the liver in metabolism: urea synthesis)
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5-6 代謝中肝臟所扮演的角色:脂肪酸(The role of the liver in metabolism: eipids)
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5-7 組織代謝之醣類及脂質代謝(Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in tissues)
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5-8 組織代謝之飽食與禁食的循環(Tissue metabolism during the fed-fast cycle)
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5-9 組織代謝之飽食期(Tissue metabolism during the fed state)
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5-10 組織代謝之吸收後或空腹前期(Tissue metabolism during the postabsorptive or early fasting state)
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5-11 組織代謝之空腹期(Tissue metabolism during the fasting state)
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5-12 組織代謝之飢餓期(Tissue metabolism during the starvation state)
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5-13 身體恆定作用之飽食期(The homeostasis of metabolism during the fed state)
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第六章 維生素
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維生素(Vitamins)簡介
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維生素 水溶性維生素
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6-1 維生素C(Ascorbic acid)
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6-2 維生素B1(Thiamin)
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6-3 維生素B2(Riboflavin)
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6-4 維生素B3(Niacin)
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6-5 維生素B6(Pyridoxine)
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6-6 葉酸(Folate)
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6-7 維生素B12(Cobalamin)
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6-8 生物素(Biotin)
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6-9 泛酸(Pantothenic acid)
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6-10 膽鹼(Choline)
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維生素 脂溶性維生素
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6-11 維生素A(Vitamin A)
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6-12 維生素D(Vitamin D)
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6-13 維生素E(Vitamin E)
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6-14 維生素K(Vitamin K)
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附錄 十年內營養師高考參考題
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第七章 礦物質
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礦物質(Minerals)簡介
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礦物質 巨量礦物質
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7-1 鈣(Calcium, Ca+2)
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7-2 磷(Phosphorus, P)
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7-3 鉀(Potassium, K+)
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7-4 硫(Sulfur, S–2)
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7-5 鈉(Sodium, Na+)
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7-6 氯(Chloride, Cl–)
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7-7 鎂(Magnesium, Mg+2)
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礦物質
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7-8 水與電解質(Body fluid and electrolyte balance)
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礦物質 微量礦物質
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7-9 鐵(Iron, Fe+2)
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7-10 鋅(Zinc, Zn+2)
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7-11 銅(Copper, Cu)
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7-12 錳(Manganese, Mn)
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7-13 碘(Iodine, I–)
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7-14 硒 (Selenium, Se)
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7-15 氟(Fluoride, F–)
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7-16 鉻(Chromium, Cr)
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7-17 鉬(Molybdenum, Mo)
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礦物質 超微量元素
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7-18 超微量元素(Ultratrace elememt)
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附錄 十年內營養師高考參考題
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